English singer and songwriter (born 1943)
Sir Michael Philip Jagger (born 26 July 1943) is an English singer and songwriter who has achieved international fame as the lead vocalist and one of the founder members of the rock band the Rolling Stones. His ongoing songwriting partnership with Keith Richards is one of the most successful in history. Jagger’s career has spanned over six decades, and he has been widely described as one of the most popular and influential frontmen in the history of rock music. His distinctive voice and energetic live performances, along with Richards’ guitar style, have been the Rolling Stones’ trademark throughout the band’s career. Jagger gained press notoriety for his romantic involvements and illicit drug use, and was often portrayed as a countercultural figure.
Jagger was born and grew up in Dartford. He studied at the London School of Economics before abandoning his studies to join the Rolling Stones. Jagger has written most of the Rolling Stones’ songs together with Richards, and they continue to collaborate musically. In the late 1960s, Jagger starred in the films Performance (1970) and Ned Kelly (1970), to a mixed reception. Beginning in the 1980s, he has released a number of solo works, including four albums and the single “Dancing in the Street”, a 1985 duet with David Bowie that reached No. 1 in the UK and Australia and was a top-ten hit in numerous other countries. In the 2000s, he co-founded a film production company, Jagged Films, and through them has produced feature films, beginning with the 2001 historical drama Enigma. He began a solo recording career in 1985, releasing his first album, She’s the Boss, and joined the electric supergroup SuperHeavy in 2009. Relationships with the Stones’ members, particularly Richards, deteriorated during the 1980s, but Jagger has always found more success with the band than with his solo and side projects. He was married to Bianca Pérez-Mora Macias from 1971 to 1978, and has had several other relationships, resulting in eight children with five women.
In 1989, Jagger was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and into the UK Music Hall of Fame with the Rolling Stones in 2004. As a member of the Rolling Stones, and as a solo artist, he reached No. 1 on the UK and US singles charts with 13 singles, the top 10 with 32 singles and the top 40 with 70 singles. In 2003, he was knighted for his services to popular music. The genus Jaggermeryx naida and the type species Aegrotocatellus jaggeri are named for him. Jagger is credited with bringing a style and sexiness to rock and roll and with being a trailblazer in pop music that subsequent generations of musicians have followed.
Early life
Michael Philip Jagger was born into a middle-class family in Dartford, Kent, on 26 July 1943.[2][3] His father, Basil Fanshawe “Joe” Jagger, a former gymnast, was a physical education teacher who helped popularise basketball in Britain;[4][5][6] his grandfather David Ernest Jagger was also a teacher.[7] His mother, Eva Ensley Mary (née Scutts), born in Sydney, Australia, of English descent, was a hairdresser and an active member of the Conservative Party.[4][7][8] Jagger’s younger brother, Chris (born 19 December 1947), is also a musician;[9] the two have performed together.[10]
Although brought up to follow his father’s career path, Jagger said in According to the Rolling Stones. “I always sang as a child. I was one of those kids who just liked to sing. Some kids sing in choirs; others like to show off in front of the mirror. I was in the church choir and I also loved listening to singers on the radio—the BBC or Radio Luxembourg—or watching them on TV and in the movies.”
In September 1950, Keith Richards and Jagger were classmates at Wentworth Primary School, Dartford, before the Jagger family’s 1954 move to Wilmington, Kent. The same year he passed the eleven-plus examination and attended Dartford Grammar School, which now has the Mick Jagger Centre performing arts venue within the school site.[13] Jagger and Richards lost contact with each other when they went to different schools.[14]
In the mid-1950s, Jagger formed a garage band with his friend Dick Taylor; the group mainly played material by Muddy Waters, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Howlin’ Wolf and Bo Diddley. Jagger met Richards again on 17 October 1961 on platform two of Dartford railway station.[15] The Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters records Jagger was carrying revealed a shared interest in rhythm and blues.[16] A musical partnership began shortly afterwards. Richards and Taylor often met Jagger at his house. The meetings moved to Taylor’s house in late 1961, where Alan Etherington and Bob Beckwith joined the trio; the quintet called themselves the Blues Boys.
Jagger left school in 1961 after passing seven O-levels and two A-levels.[13] He and Richards moved into a flat in Edith Grove, Chelsea, London, with guitarist Brian Jones.[21] While Richards and Jones planned to start their own rhythm and blues group, Jagger continued to study finance and accounting[22] on a government grant as an undergraduate student at the London School of Economics.[23][24] He had seriously considered becoming either a journalist or a politician, comparing the latter to a pop star.[26]
Brian Jones, using the name Elmo Lewis, began working at the Ealing Club, where a loose music ensemble known as Blues Incorporated was performing, under the leadership of Alexis Korner. Jones, Richards, and Jagger began to jam with the group, Jagger eventually becoming the featured singer. Soon, the three of them began meeting on their own to practise, laying the foundation for what would become the Rolling Stones.[27]
The Rolling Stones
1960s
In their earliest days, the Rolling Stones played for no money in the interval of Alexis Korner’s gigs at a basement club opposite London’s Ealing Broadway tube station (subsequently called “Ferry’s” club). The group had very little equipment and borrowed Korner’s gear to play. Their first appearance, under the name the Rollin’ Stones (after one of their favourite Muddy Waters tunes), was at the Marquee Club, a London jazz club, on 12 July 1962. They later changed their name to “the Rolling Stones” as it seemed more formal. Writer Victor Bockris says the band members included Jagger, Richards, Jones, Ian Stewart on piano, Dick Taylor on bass and Tony Chapman on drums, but Richards says in his memoir Life that “The drummer that night was Mick Avory–not Tony Chapman, as history has mysteriously handed it down…” In June 1963, the band began a five-month residency at Eel Pie Island Hotel, which the BBC later credited with shaping the band’s career.[29] By that autumn, Jagger had left the London School of Economics to pursue his promising musical career with the Rolling Stones.[16][30][14]
The group played songs by American rhythm and blues artists like Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley. The band’s first two UK No. 1 hits were cover versions, “It’s All Over Now” by Bobby Womack and “Little Red Rooster” by Willie Dixon.[32] Following strong encouragement by manager Andrew Loog Oldham, Jagger and Richards soon began to write songs. Their songwriting partnership took some time to develop; one of their early compositions was “As Tears Go By”, a song written for Marianne Faithfull, a young singer Loog Oldham was promoting. For the Rolling Stones, the duo wrote “The Last Time”, the group’s third No. 1 single in the UK, based on “This May Be the Last Time”, a traditional Negro spiritual song recorded by the Staple Singers in 1955. Jagger and Richards also wrote their first international hit, “(I Can’t Get No) Satisfaction”. It established the Rolling Stones’ image as defiant troublemakers in contrast to the Beatles as “lovable moptop[s]”.[35] Jagger told Stephen Schiff in a 1992 Vanity Fair profile:[36] I wasn’t trying to be rebellious in those days; I was just being me. I wasn’t trying to push the edge of anything. I’m being me and ordinary, the guy from suburbia who sings in this band, but someone older might have thought it was just the most awful racket, the most terrible thing, and where are we going if this is music?… But all those songs we sang were pretty tame, really. People didn’t think they were, but I thought they were tame.[38][39]
The group released several successful albums, including Out of Our Heads, Aftermath, and Between the Buttons. In 1967, Jagger, Richards, and Jones were hounded by authorities over their recreational drug use, after News of the World ran a three-part feature entitled “Pop Stars and Drugs: Facts That Will Shock You”. The series described alleged LSD parties hosted by the Moody Blues attended by top stars including the Who’s Pete Townshend and Cream’s Ginger Baker, and alleged admissions of drug use by leading pop musicians. The first article targeted Donovan (who was raided and charged soon after); the second instalment (published on 5 February) targeted the Rolling Stones. A reporter who contributed to the story spent an evening at the exclusive London club Blaise’s, where a member of the Rolling Stones allegedly took several Benzedrine tablets, displayed a piece of hashish and invited his companions back to his flat for a “smoke”. The article claimed this was Mick Jagger, but it turned out to be a case of mistaken identity; the reporter had in fact been eavesdropping on Brian Jones. Two days after the article was published Jagger filed a writ for libel against the News of the World. Jagger and Richards were later arrested on drug charges and given unusually harsh sentences. Jagger was sentenced to three months’ imprisonment for possession of four over-the-counter pep pills he had purchased in Italy and Richards was sentenced to one year in prison for allowing cannabis to be smoked on his property. The traditionally conservative editor of The Times, William Rees-Mogg, wrote an article critical of the sentences; and on appeal, Richards’ sentence was overturned and Jagger’s was amended to a conditional discharge (although he spent one night in London’s Brixton Prison).[43][44][45] The Rolling Stones continued to face legal battles for the next decade.[27]
By the release of the Stones’ album Beggars Banquet, Brian Jones was contributing only sporadically to the band. Jagger said Jones was “not psychologically suited to this way of life”. His drug use had become a hindrance, and he could not obtain a US visa. Richards reported that in a June meeting with Jagger, Richards and Watts at Jones’ house, Jones admitted he was unable to “go on the road again”, and left the band, saying “I’ve left, and if I want to I can come back”.[48] On 3Â July 1969, less than a month later, Jones drowned under mysterious circumstances in the swimming pool at his home, Cotchford Farm, in Hartfield, East Sussex. When asked if he felt guilty about Jones’s death, Mick Jagger told Rolling Stone in 1995:
No, I don’t really. I do feel that I behaved in a very childish way, but we were very young, and in some ways we picked on him. But, unfortunately, he made himself a target for it; he was very, very jealous, very difficult, very manipulative, and if you do that in this kind of a group of people you get back as good as you give, to be honest. I wasn’t understanding enough about his drug addiction. No one seemed to know much about drug addiction. Things like LSD were all new. No one knew the harm. People thought cocaine was good for you.[14]
On 5 July 1969, two days after Jones’ death, the Rolling Stones played a previously scheduled show at Hyde Park, dedicating it as a tribute to him. In front of an estimated 250,000 fans, the Stones performed their first gig with their new guitarist, Mick Taylor.[27] At the beginning of the show, Jagger read an excerpt from Percy Bysshe Shelley’s poem Adonaïs, an elegy written on the death of John Keats, after which they released thousands of butterflies in Jones’ memory[27] before starting the show with a song by Johnny Winter, “I’m Yours and I’m Hers”.[50] During the concert, they included two new songs from two forthcoming albums, “Midnight Rambler”, “Love in Vain” from Let It Bleed, released in December 1969, and “Loving Cup”, which appeared on Exile on Main St., released May 1972. They also played “Honky Tonk Women”, released the previous day.[51][52][53]
1970s
In 1970, Jagger bought Stargroves, a manor house and estate near East Woodhay in Hampshire.[54] The Rolling Stones and several other bands recorded there using the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio.[55][a] In 1970, Nicolas Roeg’s controversial film Performance, was released. Produced in 1968, it featured Jagger as a reclusive rock star, Turner. Keith Richard’s girlfriend Anita Pallenberg also appears in the film.[57]
Jagger and the rest of the band moved to the south of France as tax exiles in 1971 to avoid paying a 93 percent supertax imposed by Harold Wilson’s Labour government on the county’s top earners.[58][59][60] After the band’s acrimonious split with their second manager, Allen Klein, in 1971 and Richards’ heroin addiction, Jagger took control of their business affairs; the feuds between Jagger and Richards originated during this time as a result.[14][62] Jagger has managed the group ever since, with Prince Rupert Loewenstein acting as business adviser and financial manager from 1968 until 2007.[63]
Along with the rest of the band, Jagger changed his look and style as the 1970s progressed.[64] While in France, he learned to play guitar and contributed guitar parts for songs on Sticky Fingers (1971) and the Stones’ subsequent albums except Dirty Work in 1986. For the Rolling Stones’ highly publicised 1972 American tour, Jagger wore glam-rock clothing and glitter makeup on stage.[65][66][67] Their interest in the blues had been made manifest on the 1972 album Exile on Main St..[68][69][70] Music critic Russell Hall has described Jagger’s emotional singing on the gospel-influenced “Let It Loose”, from Exile as the singer’s finest-ever vocal achievement.[71]
In 1972, Mick Jagger, Charlie Watts and Bill Wyman with Nicky Hopkins and Ry Cooder, released the album Jamming with Edward!, which was recorded during the Let It Bleed sessions.[72] The album includes loose jams while the rest of the Stones (reportedly) were waiting for Keith Richards to return to the studio.[73]
That November, the band began recording sessions in Kingston, Jamaica, for the album Goats Head Soup; it was released in 1973 and reached No. 1 in both the UK and US.[74] The album, which contained the worldwide hit “Angie”, was the first in a string of commercially successful but tepidly received studio albums.[75] The sessions for Goats Head Soup also produced unused material, most notably an early version of the popular ballad “Waiting on a Friend”, which was not released until the Tattoo You LP nine years later.
Another legal battle over drugs, dating back to their stay in France, interrupted the making of Goats Head Soup. Authorities had issued a warrant for Richards’ arrest and the other band members had to return briefly to France for questioning. This, along with Jagger’s 1967 and 1970 convictions on drug charges, complicated the band’s plans for their Pacific tour in early 1973: they were denied permission to play in Japan and almost banned from Australia. A European tour followed in September and October 1973, which bypassed France, coming after Richards’ arrest in England on drug charges.
The 1974 album It’s Only Rock ‘n Roll was recorded in the Musicland Studios in Munich, Germany; it reached No. 2 in the UK and No. 1 in the US.[79] Jagger and Richards produced the album credited as “the Glimmer Twins”.[80] Both the album and the single of the same name were hits.[81][82][83]
Following Mick Taylor’s exodus from the band that December, the Stones were in need of a new guitarist. The recording sessions for the next album, Black and Blue (1976) (No. 2 in the UK, No. 1 in the US), in Munich provided an opportunity for some guitarists hoping to join the band to work while trying out. Multiple guitarists were auditioned – some without even knowing it – and Ronnie Wood of Faces was selected, joining the band in 1975.[85][86][87] Woods has functioned as a mediator within the group, especially between Jagger and Richards.[88] His first full-length LP with the band was Some Girls (1978), on which they ventured into disco and punk, a move primarily led by Jagger.
1980s
Jagger performing in 1982
Following the success of Some Girls, the band released their next album, Emotional Rescue, in mid-1980. During recording sessions for the album, a rift between Jagger and Richards slowly developed. Richards wanted to tour in the summer or autumn of 1980 to promote the new album. Much to his disappointment, Jagger declined. Emotional Rescue hit the top of the charts on both sides of the Atlantic[91] and the title track reached No. 3 in the US.
In early 1981, the group reconvened and decided to tour the US that year, leaving little time to write and record a new album, as well as rehearse for the tour. That year’s resulting album, Tattoo You, featured several outtakes, including lead single “Start Me Up”, which reached No. 2[92] in the US and ranked No. 22 on Billboard’s Hot 100 year-end chart. Two songs (“Waiting on a Friend” (US No. 13) and “Tops”) featured Mick Taylor’s unused rhythm guitar tracks, and jazz saxophonist Sonny Rollins played on “Slave”, “Neighbours” and “Waiting on a Friend”.[93] The album reached No. 2 in the UK and No. 1 in the US.[94]
While continuing to tour and release albums with the Rolling Stones, Jagger began a solo career. According to Rolling Stone, he did so to “establish an artistic identity for himself apart from the Rolling Stones”…his “boldest attempt yet”.[95] Jagger started writing and recording material for his first solo album She’s the Boss.[95] Released on 19Â February 1985,[96] the album, produced by Nile Rodgers and Bill Laswell, features Herbie Hancock, Jeff Beck, Jan Hammer, Pete Townshend and the Compass Point All Stars. It sold well, and the single “Just Another Night” was a Top Ten hit. During this period, he collaborated with the Jacksons on the song “State of Shock”, sharing lead vocals with Michael Jackson.[97]
Jagger performed without the Stones for the Live Aid multi-venue charity concert in 1985. He performed at Philadelphia’s JFK Stadium, including a duet with Tina Turner of “It’s Only Rock and Roll” (which was highlighted by Jagger tearing away Turner’s skirt) and a cover of “Dancing in the Street” with David Bowie, who was performing at Wembley Stadium, London. The video was shown simultaneously on the screens of both Wembley and JFK Stadiums. The song reached No. 1 in the UK the same year.[98]
When Richards got himself off heroin and became more present in decision making, Jagger was not used to Richards’ presence and did not like his authority diminished. This led to the period Richards has referred to as “World War III”, saying at the time if Jagger toured without the Stones, it would be a “death sentence”.[99] When the Stones released Dirty Work in March 1986, Jagger’s relations with Richards were at an all-time low, resulting in Jagger refusing to tour to support the album. For his part, Jagger claimed: I think that one ought to be allowed to have one’s artistic side apart from just being in the Rolling Stones. I love the Rolling Stones—I think it’s wonderful, I think it’s done a lot of wonderful things for music. But, you know, it cannot be, at my age and after spending all these years, the only thing in my life.[100]
He released his second solo album, Primitive Cool, in 1987. Though it failed to match the commercial success of his debut, it was critically well received. Richards released his first solo album, Talk is Cheap, shortly afterwards. Many felt this marked the Stone’s obituary.[101] Jagger produced the songs “Glamour Boys” and “Which Way to America” on Living Colour’s album Vivid in 1988. Between 15 and 28Â March, he did a solo concert tour in Japan (Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka).[102]
Jagger and Richards reunited in the Barbados in 1988 and produced dozens of songs. Richards recalls:We just started in. And within two days, we realized we had five or six songs happening. I did have to take Mick to a few discos—which are not my favourite places in the world—because Mick likes to go out and dance at night. So I did that. That was my sacrifice. I humoured him. And that’s when I knew we could work together.[103]
Ron Wood believes the modest sales of Jagger’s Primitive Cool “surprised” Mick and made him “realize the strength of the band”. Richards recalled: “We’ve been stuffed together for years and one of the consequences of the break was making us realize we were stuck together whether we liked it or not. Jagger agreed, saying: “Because we’ve been doing it for so long, we don’t really have to discuss it. When we come up with a lick or a riff or a chorus, we already know if it’s right or if it’s wrong.”[103] On 29 August 1989 this work was released on the band’s 19th UK and 21st U.S. album Steel Wheels.[105]
1990s
The 1989–1990 Steel Wheels/Urban Jungle Tour was the band’s first world tour in seven years and their biggest stage production to date. Opening acts included Living Colour and Guns N’ Roses. Recordings from the tour include the 1991 concert album Flashpoint, which reached No. 6 in the UK and No. 16 in the US,[106] and the concert film Live at the Max, released in 1991.[107] The tour was Bill Wyman’s last. After years of deliberation he decided to leave the band, although his departure was not made official until January 1993.[108]
Following the success of Steel Wheels, and the end of Jagger and Richards’ well-publicised feud, Jagger attempted to re-establish himself as a solo artist. He acquired Rick Rubin as co-producer in January 1992 for what would become his third solo album, Wandering Spirit. Sessions for the album began the same month in Los Angeles and ended in September 1992.[109] Richards was making his second solo studio album, Main Offender, at the same time.[110] On Wandering Spirit, Jagger kept celebrity guests to a minimum, having only Lenny Kravitz as a vocalist on his cover of Bill Withers’ “Use Me” and bassist Flea from Red Hot Chili Peppers on three separate tracks. Jagger signed with Atlantic Records, which had signed the Stones in the 1970s, to distribute the record. Wandering Spirit was his only solo release with the label, with the exception of The Very Best of Mick Jagger—a compilation album containing no new material.[111][112] Released in February 1993, Wandering Spirit was commercially successful, reaching No. 12 in the UK and No. 11 in the US.[113][112][114]
By 1993, the Stones were ready to start recording another studio album. Charlie Watts recruited bassist Darryl Jones, a former sideman of Miles Davis and Sting, as Wyman’s replacement for 1994’s Voodoo Lounge. Jones continues to perform with the band as their touring and session bassist. The album met with strong reviews and sales, going double platinum in the US; reviewers took note and credited the album’s “traditionalist” sounds to the Rolling Stones’ new producer Don Was.[115] Voodoo Lounge won the Grammy Award for Best Rock Album at the 1995 Grammy Awards.[116] It reached No. 1 in the UK and No. 2 in the US.[117]
The accompanying Voodoo Lounge Tour lasted into the following year and grossed $320Â million, becoming the world’s highest-grossing tour at the time.[118] On 8 September 1994, the Stones performed their new song “Love Is Strong” and “Start Me Up” at the 1994 MTV Video Music Awards at Radio City Music Hall in New York.[119] The band received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the ceremony.[119]
The Rolling Stones ended the 1990s with the album Bridges to Babylon, released in 1997 to mixed reviews.[120] It reached No. 6 in the UK and No. 3 in the US.[121] The video of the single “Anybody Seen My Baby?” featured Angelina Jolie as guest[122] and met steady rotation on both MTV and VH1.[123] Sales were roughly equal to those of previous records (about 1.2 million copies sold in the US). The subsequent Bridges to Babylon Tour, which crossed Europe, North America and other destinations, proved the band remained a strong live attraction. Once again, a live album was culled from the tour, No Security, only this time all but two songs (“Live With Me” and “The Last Time”) were previously unreleased on live albums. The album reached No. 67 in the UK[124] and No. 34 in the US.[125] In 1999, the Rolling Stones staged the No Security Tour in the US and continued the Bridges to Babylon tour in Europe.[126]
2000s
Jagger live at the San Siro, Milan, Italy, in 2003
In 2001, Jagger released his fourth solo album, Goddess in the Doorway, spawning the single “Visions of Paradise”, which reached No. 44 in the UK.[112] Following the 11 September attacks, Jagger joined Richards in the Concert for New York City, a benefit concert in response to the terrorist attack, to sing “Salt of the Earth” and “Miss You”.[127]
According to Fortune, from 1989 to 2001, the Stones generated more than US$1.5Â billion in total gross revenue, exceeding that of U2, Bruce Springsteen, or Michael Jackson.[128] Jagger celebrated the Rolling Stones’ 40th anniversary by touring with the band on the year-long Licks Tour, supporting their commercially successful career retrospective Forty Licks double album.[129] In 2007, the band grossed US$437Â million on their A Bigger Bang Tour, which earned them an entry in the 2007 edition of Guinness World Records for the most lucrative music tour.[130] When asked if the band would retire after the tour, Jagger said “I’m sure the Rolling Stones will do more things and more records and more tours. We’ve got no plans to stop any of that really.”[131]
Two years later in October 2009, Jagger joined U2 on stage to perform “Gimme Shelter” (with Fergie and will.i.am) and “Stuck in a Moment You Can’t Get Out Of” with U2 at the 25th Anniversary Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Concert.[132]
2010s
On 20 May 2011, Jagger announced the formation of a new supergroup, SuperHeavy, which included Dave Stewart, Joss Stone, Damian Marley and A.R. Rahman.[133] The group started with a phone call Jagger received from Stewart. Stewart had heard three sound systems playing different music at the same time in his home in St Ann’s Bay, Jamaica. This gave him the idea of creating a group with Jagger, fusing the musical styles of several artists. After multiple phone calls and deliberation, the other members of the group were decided upon.[133] SuperHeavy released one album[134] and two singles in 2011,[135] reportedly recording 29 songs in ten days.[136] Jagger is featured on will.i.am’s 2011 single “T.H.E. (The Hardest Ever)” along with Jennifer Lopez, officially released to iTunes on 4 February 2012.[137]
Jagger performing with the Stones at Desert Trip in October 2016
On 21Â February 2012, Jagger, B.B. King, Buddy Guy and Jeff Beck, and a blues ensemble, performed at the White House concert series before President Barack Obama. When Jagger held out a mic to him, Obama twice sang the line “Come on, baby don’t you want to go” of the blues cover “Sweet Home Chicago”, the blues anthem of Obama’s hometown.[138] Jagger hosted the season finale of Saturday Night Live on 19 and 20Â May 2012, doing several comic skits and playing some Rolling Stones’ hits with Arcade Fire, Foo Fighters and Jeff Beck.[139]
Jagger performed in 12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief with the Rolling Stones on 12Â December 2012.[140] The Stones played the Glastonbury festival in 2013, headlining on Saturday, 29Â June.[141] This was followed by two concerts in London’s Hyde Park as part of their 50th anniversary celebrations, their first there since their famous 1969 performance.[142][143] In 2013, Jagger teamed up with his brother Chris Jagger for two new duets on his album Concertina Jack, released to mark the 40th anniversary of his debut album.[144] On 7 October 2016, the Stones headlined the first night of the three day music festival Desert Trip and covered the Beatles’ 1969 single “Come Together”;[145][146] Paul McCartney performed the next night.[147] In July 2017, Jagger released the double A-sided single “Gotta Get a Grip” / “England Lost”.[148] They were released as a response to the “anxiety, unknowability of the changing political situation” in a post-Brexit UK, according to Jagger.[149] Accompanying music videos were released for both songs.[150]
In March 2019, a Rolling Stones tour of the US and Canada from April to June had to be postponed as Jagger needed a transcatheter aortic valve replacement.[151][152] On 4 April 2019, it was announced that Jagger had successfully undergone the procedure at NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital,[153] and was in great health.[154][155] After a six-week delay while Jagger recovered, the No Filter Tour resumed with two performances at Chicago’s Soldier Field.[156]
2020s
The band’s 1973 album Goats Head Soup was reissued on 4 September 2020 and featured previously unreleased outtakes, such as “Criss Cross”, which was released as a single and music video on 9 July 2020, “Scarlet”, featuring Jimmy Page, and “All the Rage”.[157] On 11 September 2020, the album topped the UK Albums Chart as the Rolling Stones became the first band to top the chart across six different decades.[158]
The Rolling Stones—featuring Jagger, Richards, Watts and Wood at their homes—were one of the headline acts on Global Citizen’s One World: Together at Home on-line and on-screen concert on 18 April 2020, a global event featuring dozens of artists and comedians to support frontline healthcare workers and the World Health Organization during the COVID-19 pandemic.[159] On 23 April, Jagger announced through his Facebook page the release (the same day at 5pm BST) of the single “Living in a Ghost Town”, a new Rolling Stones single recorded in London and Los Angeles in 2019 and finished in isolation (part of the new material that the band were recording in the studio before the COVID-19 lockdown), a song that the band “thought would resonate through the times we’re living in” and their first release of original material since 2012.[160] The song reached No. 1 on the German Singles Chart, the first time the Stones had reached the top spot in 52 years, and making them the oldest artists ever to do so.[161]
In August 2021, it was announced that Charlie Watts would undergo an unspecified medical procedure and would not perform on the remainder of the No Filter tour; the longtime Stones associate Steve Jordan filled in as drummer.[162][163] Watts died unexpectedly at a London hospital on 24 August 2021, at the age of 80, with his family around him.[164][165] Jagger, Richards and Wood paid tribute to him, along with former bandmate Wyman.[166][167][168] It was discussed whether the band would continue, and they opted to carry on as it was what “Charlie wanted us to do”.[169] During their first show after Watts’ death, Jagger told the crowd:It’s a bit of a poignant night for us. Because this is our first tour in 59 years that we’ve done without our lovely Charlie Watts. We all miss Charlie so much. We miss him as a band. We miss him as friends, on and off the stage. We’ve got so many memories of Charlie. I’m sure some of you that have seen us before have got memories of Charlie as well. And I hope you’ll remember him like we do. So we’d like to dedicate this show to Charlie.[170]In a May 2022 interview, Jagger stated “I don’t really expect him to be there any more if I turn round during a show. But I do think about him. Not only during rehearsals or on stage, but in other ways too.”[171] On the one year anniversary of Watts’ death, Jagger shared what Rolling Stone described as a “moving tribute” on social media, which included a voiceover by Jagger backed with “Till the Next Goodbye”.[172] That same year, Jagger cowrote “Strange Game” for the television series Slow Horses after being emailed “out of the blue” by composer Daniel Pemberton, whom he didn’t know;[173] the song was released on 1 April[174] and subsequently nominated for an Emmy award.[175] That June, two shows scheduled in the Stones’ Sixty tour were postponed after Jagger contracted COVID-19.[176] The tour resumed following Jagger’s recovery in late June.[177]
Relationship with Keith Richards
Jagger and Richards in San Francisco during the Rolling Stones’ 1972 US tour
His songwriting partnership with Richards is one of the most successful in history.[178][179] His relationship with Richards is frequently described as “love/hate” by the media.[180][181] Richards said in a 1998 interview: “I think of our differences as a family squabble. If I shout and scream at him, it’s because no one else has the guts to do it or else they’re paid not to do it. At the same time I’d hope Mick realises that I’m a friend who is just trying to bring him into line and do what needs to be done.”[182]
Dirty Work (a UK & US No. 4) was released in March 1986 to mixed reviews, despite the US top five hit “Harlem Shuffle”. With relations between Richards and Jagger at a low, Jagger refused to tour to promote the album, and instead undertook his own solo tour, which included Rolling Stones’ songs.[183][184] Richards has referred to this period in his relations with Jagger as “World War III”. As a result of the animosity within the band at this time, they almost broke up.[183] Jagger’s solo records, She’s the Boss (UK No. 6; US No. 13) (1985) and Primitive Cool (UK No. 26; US No. 41) (1987), met with moderate success and, in 1988, with the Rolling Stones mostly inactive, Richards released his first solo album, Talk Is Cheap (UK No. 37; US No. 24). It was well received by fans and critics, going gold in the US.[186] The following year 25×5: the Continuing Adventures of the Rolling Stones, a documentary spanning the career of the band was released for their 25th anniversary.
Richards’ autobiography, Life, was published on 26 October 2010. According to a 15 October 2010 article, Richards described Jagger as “unbearable”, noting that their relationship had been strained “for decades”.[189] By 2015, Richards’ opinion had softened. While saying Jagger could come off as a “snob”, he added “I still love him dearly … your friends don’t have to be perfect.”[190]
Acting and film production
Jagger has had an intermittent acting career. His most significant role was in Donald Cammell and Nicolas Roeg’s Performance (1968), and as Australian bushranger Ned Kelly in the film of the same name (1970).[191] He composed an improvised soundtrack for Kenneth Anger’s film Invocation of My Demon Brother on the Moog synthesiser in 1969.[192]
Jagger auditioned for the role of Dr. Frank N. Furter in the 1975 film adaptation of The Rocky Horror Show, a role that was eventually played by Tim Curry, the original performer from its theatrical run in London’s West End.[193][194] Director Alejandro Jodorowsky approached him in the same year to play the role of Feyd-Rautha[195] in his proposed adaptation of Frank Herbert’s Dune, but the movie never made it to the screen.[196] Jagger appeared as himself in the Rutles’ film All You Need Is Cash (1978) and was cast as Wilbur, a main character in Werner Herzog’s Fitzcarraldo, in the late 1970s. The illness of principal actor Jason Robards (later replaced by Klaus Kinski), and a delay in the film’s notoriously difficult production, resulted in him being unable to continue because of schedule conflicts with a Stones’ tour; some footage of Jagger’s work is shown in the documentaries Burden of Dreams[197] and My Best Fiend.[198][199] Jagger developed a reputation for playing the heavy later in his acting career in films including Freejack (1992),[200] Bent (1997),[201] and The Man From Elysian Fields (2002).[202][203]
In 1991, Jagger founded Jagged Films[204] with Victoria Pearman[205] and, in 1995, founded the film production company Lip Service with Steve Tisch.[206] Jagged Films’ first release was the World War II drama Enigma (2001), starring Kate Winslet as one of Bletchley Park’s Enigma codebreakers.[207] That same year, Jagged Films produced a documentary about Jagger entitled Being Mick. The programme, which first aired in the US on ABC on 22 November, coincided with the release of his fourth solo album, Goddess in the Doorway.[208][209] In 2008 the company began work on The Women, an adaptation of the George Cukor’s film of the same name, directed by Diane English.[210][211]
As a member of the Rolling Stones Jagger appears in several documentaries, including Gimme Shelter, filmed during the band’s 1969 tour of the US, and Sympathy for the Devil (1968) directed by French New Wave director Jean-Luc Godard. Martin Scorsese worked with Jagger on Shine a Light, a documentary film featuring the band with footage from the A Bigger Bang Tour during two nights of performances at New York’s Beacon Theatre. It screened in Berlin in February 2008.[212][213] McCarthy predicted the film would fare better once released to video than in its limited theatrical runs.[213] Jagger was a co-producer of, and guest-starred in the first episode of the short-lived American comedy television series The Knights of Prosperity. He also co-produced the James Brown biopic Get On Up (2014).[214] Alongside Martin Scorsese, Rich Cohen and Terence Winter, Jagger co-created and executive produced the period drama series Vinyl (2016), which starred Bobby Cannavale and aired for one season on HBO before its cancellation.[215] Jagger portrays an English art dealer-collector and patron in Giuseppe Capotondi’s thriller The Burnt Orange Heresy (2020).[216][217]
Personal life
Family and relationships
Bianca Pérez-Mora Macias (left) was Jagger’s wife from 1971 to 1978 and Model Jerry Hall (right) was Jagger’s partner from 1977 to 1999; unofficially married from 1990 to 1999.
Jagger has been married and divorced once,[218][219] and has had other relationships, resulting in eight children with five women. He also has, as of 2021, five grandchildren and three great-grandchildren.[220][221]
Jagger dated Chrissie Shrimpton between 1963 and 1966.[222] From 1966 to 1970, he had a relationship with Marianne Faithfull, the English singer-songwriter/actress with whom he wrote “Sister Morphine”, a song on Sticky Fingers.[223][224] Jagger met the American singer Marsha Hunt in 1969 and, though she was married, the pair had a relationship.[225] When it ended in June 1970, Hunt was pregnant with Jagger’s first child, Karis Hunt Jagger, who was born on 4 November 1970.[226] Hunt is the inspiration for the song “Brown Sugar”, also from Sticky Fingers.[227]
In 1970, he met Nicaraguan-born Bianca Pérez-Mora Macias. They married on 12 May 1971 in a Catholic ceremony in Saint-Tropez, France. Their daughter, Jade Sheena Jezebel Jagger, was born on 21 October 1971.[226] They separated in 1977, and in May 1978 she filed for divorce on the grounds of his adultery.[228][229][230] During his marriage to Pérez-Mora Macias, Jagger had an affair with then-Playboy model Bebe Buell from 1974 to 1976.[231]
In late 1977, Jagger began dating American model Jerry Hall.[232] They had an unofficial private marriage ceremony in Bali, Indonesia, on 21 November 1990, and lived at Downe House in Richmond, London. The couple had four children: Elizabeth ‘Lizzie’ Scarlett Jagger (born 2Â March 1984), James Leroy Augustin Jagger (born in 1985), Georgia May Ayeesha Jagger (born 12Â January 1992), and Gabriel Luke Beauregard Jagger (born in 1997).[226] During his relationship with Hall, Jagger had a 1991 to 1994 affair with Italian singer/model Carla Bruni, who later became the First Lady of France when she married then-President of France Nicolas Sarkozy in 2008.[233][234] Jagger’s relationship with Hall ended after she discovered that he had had an affair with Brazilian model Luciana Gimenez, who gave birth to Jagger’s seventh child, Lucas Maurice Morad Jagger, in May 1999.[226][235] Jagger’s unofficial marriage to Hall was declared invalid, unlawful, and null and void by the High Court of England and Wales in London in 1999.[218][219] Jagger’s subsequent relationship was 2000 to 2001 with the English model Sophie Dahl.[236]
Jagger was in a relationship with fashion designer L’Wren Scott from 2001 until her suicide in 2014.[237] She left her entire estate, estimated at US$9Â million, to him.[238] Jagger set up the L’Wren Scott scholarship at London’s Central Saint Martins College.[239]
Since Scott died in 2014, Jagger has been in a relationship with American ballet dancer Melanie Hamrick. Jagger was 73 when Hamrick gave birth to their son Deveraux Octavian Basil Jagger in 2016.[240][241][242]
Jagger’s father, Basil “Joe” Jagger, died of pneumonia on 11Â November 2006 at age 93.[243] Although the Rolling Stones were on the A Bigger Bang tour, Jagger flew to Britain to see his father before returning the same day to Las Vegas, where he was to perform that night, after being informed his father’s condition was improving.[244] The show went ahead as scheduled, despite Jagger learning of his father’s death that afternoon.[245] Jagger’s friends said that the show going on was “what Joe would have wanted”.[244] Jagger called his father the “greatest influence” in his life.[246]
Interests and philanthropy
Jagger is a supporter of music in schools, a patron of The Mick Jagger Centre in Dartford, and sponsors music through his Red Rooster Programme in its local schools. The Red Rooster name is taken from the title of one of the Rolling Stones’ earliest singles.[247]
An avid cricket fan,[248] Jagger founded Jagged Internetworks to cover the sport.[248] He keenly follows the England national football team, and has regularly attended FIFA World Cup games.[249][250] In 2021, Fox Business quoted an estimate that his net worth was US$500 million and called him “one of music’s more identifiable figures”.[251] Earlier that same year, The Times had quoted it at approximately £310 million.[252]
Honours
Jagger was honoured with a knighthood for services to popular music in the Queen’s 2002 Birthday Honours,[253] and on 12 December 2003 he received the accolade from The Prince of Wales.[254] Jagger’s father and daughters Karis and Elizabeth were present.[244] Jagger stated that although the award did not have significant meaning for him, he was “touched” by the significance that it held for his father, saying that his father “was very proud”.[255][244] In 1989, Jagger was inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame alongside the other Stones, including Mick Taylor and Ronnie Wood as well as Brian Jones and Ian Stewart (posthumously).[256] In November 2004, the Rolling Stones were among the inaugural inductees into the UK Music Hall of Fame.[257]
In 2014, the Jaggermeryx naida (“Jagger’s water nymph”), a 19-million-year-old species of ‘long-legged pig’, was named after Jagger. Jaw fragments of the long-extinct anthracotheres were discovered in Egypt. The trilobite species Aegrotocatellus jaggeri was also named after Jagger.[258] On Jagger’s 75th birthday, scientists named seven fossil stoneflies after present and former members of the band. Two species, Petroperla mickjaggeri and Lapisperla keithrichardsi, were placed within a new family Petroperlidae. The new family was named in honour of the Rolling Stones, derived from the Greek “petra” that stands for “stone”. The scientists referred to the fossils as “Rolling Stoneflies”.[259]
In popular culture
Jagger’s military-style jacket worn during the 1989–1990 tour, on display at Hard Rock Cafe, Sydney, Australia
From the time that the Rolling Stones developed their anti-establishment image in the mid-1960s, Jagger, with Richards, has been an enduring icon of the counterculture. This was enhanced by his drug-related arrests, sexually charged on-stage antics, provocative song lyrics, and his role in Performance. One of his biographers, Christopher Andersen, describes him as “one of the dominant cultural figures of our time,” adding that Jagger was “the story of a generation”.[260] Jagger, who at the time described himself as an anarchist and espoused the leftist slogans of the era, took part in a demonstration against the Vietnam War outside the US Embassy in London in 1968. This inspired him to write “Street Fighting Man” that same year.[261]
In 1967, Cecil Beaton photographed Jagger’s naked buttocks, a photo that sold at Sotheby’s auction house in 1986 for $4,000.[262]
Jagger was reported to be a contender for the anonymous subject of Carly Simon’s 1972 hit song “You’re So Vain”, on which he sings backing vocals.[263] Pop artist Andy Warhol painted a series of silkscreen portraits of Jagger in 1975, one of which was owned by Farah Diba, wife of the Shah of Iran. It hung on a wall inside the royal palace in Tehran.[264]
In 2010, a retrospective exhibition of portraits of Jagger was presented at the festival Rencontres d’Arles, in France. The catalogue of the exhibition is the first photo album of Jagger and shows his evolution over 50 years.[265]
Jagger’s relationships served as the inspiration for the theatrical show parody “Jumpin’ Jack”, written by Lyle Victor Albert. In the show, the protagonist, Jack, is “a member of that ever-expanding, worldwide club made up of Mick Jagger’s illegitimate children.”[266]
Maroon 5’s song “Moves like Jagger” is about Jagger, who acknowledged the song in an interview, calling the concept “very flattering”.[267] Kesha’s song “Tik Tok”, the Black Eyed Peas’ hit “The Time (Dirty Bit)” reference Jagger, and his vocal delivery is referenced by rapper Ghostface Killah in his song “The Champ”, from his 2006 album Fishscale, which was later referenced by Kanye West in the 2008 T.I. and Jay-Z single “Swagga Like Us”.[268]
On television, the ITV satirical puppet show Spitting Image caricatured Jagger as perpetually high throughout its run in the 1980s and 1990s.[269] In 1998, the MTV animated show Celebrity Deathmatch had a clay-animated fight to the death between Jagger and Aerosmith lead singer Steven Tyler; Jagger wins the fight by using his tongue to stab Tyler through the chest. The 2000 film Almost Famous, set in 1973, refers to Jagger: “Because if you think Mick Jagger’ll still be out there, trying to be a rock star at age 50 … you’re sadly, sadly mistaken.”[270] This was a view that Jagger similarly shared in 1975, once quipping to People magazine “I’d rather be dead than sing ‘Satisfaction’ when I’m 45”.[271]
In 2012, Jagger was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a new version of his most famous artwork—the Beatles’ Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover—to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admires.[272]
In more recent decades, Jagger has been seen as a “poster boy” for healthy living and, as of 2006, was “said to run 12 km a day, to kick-box, lift weights, cycle, and practise ballet and yoga”; he has his own personal trainer.[273][274] It has been estimated that during the average show, he covers between 5[275] and 12 miles on stage “while strutting and shimmying through shows at dizzying speeds”.[276]
Legacy
Jagger singing during the Rolling Stones’ 50 & Counting Tour in Boston, Massachusetts, 2013
In the words of British dramatist and novelist Philip Norman, “the only point concerning Mick Jagger’s influence over ‘young people’ that doctors and psychologists agreed on was that it wasn’t, under any circumstances, fundamentally harmless”.[277] According to Norman, even Elvis Presley at his most scandalous had not exerted a “power so wholly and disturbingly physical”. “[W]hile [Presley] made girls scream, [he] did not have Jagger’s ability to make men feel uncomfortable.”[277] Norman likens Jagger in his early performances with the Rolling Stones in the 1960s to a male ballet dancer, with “his conflicting and colliding sexuality: the swan’s neck and smeared harlot eyes allied to an overstuffed and straining codpiece”.[277]
His performance style has been studied by academics who analysed gender, image and sexuality.[278] Musicologist Sheila Whiteley noted that Jagger’s performance style “opened up definitions of gendered masculinity and so laid the foundations for self-invention and sexual plasticity which are now an integral part of contemporary youth culture”.[279] His stage personas also contributed significantly to the British tradition of popular music that always featured the character song and where the art of singing becomes a matter of acting—which creates a question about the singer’s relationship to his own words.[280] His voice has been described as a powerful expressive tool for communicating feelings to his audience, and expressing an alternative vision of society.[281] To express “virility and unrestrained passion” he developed techniques previously used by African American preachers and gospel singers such as “the roar, the guttural belt style of singing, and the buzz, a more nasal and raspy sound”.[281] Steven Van Zandt wrote: “The acceptance of Jagger’s voice on pop radio was a turning point in rock & roll. He broke open the door for everyone else. Suddenly, Eric Burdon and Van Morrison weren’t so weird—even Bob Dylan.”[282]
Over time, Jagger has developed into the template for rock frontmen and, with the help of the Stones, has, in the words of the Telegraph, “changed music” through his contributions to it as a pioneer of the modern music industry.[283] Jagger is often described as one of the most popular and influential frontmen in the history of rock & roll;[284][285] in 1994 the New York Times noted that his “influence hangs heavily over contemporary British rock” as many singers “incorporated elements” of his onstage presence into their personas.[286] In 2015, Billboard ranked him among the best rock frontmen of all time, referring to him as “the rock and roll frontman” whose “swagger brought a style and sexiness to rock music that he built on for decades” and openly wondering “would we even have rock stars without Mick?”[287] Musician David Bowie joined many rock bands with blues, folk and soul orientations in his first attempts as a musician in the mid-1960s, and he was to recall: “I used to dream of being their Mick Jagger.”[288] Bowie suggested, “I think Mick Jagger would be astounded and amazed if he realized that to many people he is not a sex symbol, but a mother image.”[289] Jagger appeared on Rolling Stone’s List of 100 Greatest Singers at No. 16; in the article, Lenny Kravitz wrote: “I sometimes talk to people who sing perfectly in a technical sense who don’t understand Mick Jagger. […] His sense of pitch and melody is really sophisticated. His vocals are stunning, flawless in their own kind of perfection.”[290] This edition also cites Jagger as a key influence on Jack White, Steven Tyler and Iggy Pop.[290] Jagger also has been known to seek out newcomer artists to the music industry and advise them.
The Telegraph has called Mick Jagger “the Rolling Stone who changed music”.[292] CNN has called Jagger’s “greatest talent, besides strutting and singing” his “ability surround himself and the rest of the band with a group of very able executives.”[293]
As Jagger has aged, his continued vitality has provoked comment. Bon Jovi frontman Jon Bon Jovi said: “I can’t get over it…I’m…dying already and I’m gonna go out there and play four songs. How do they do it?”[294] Since his early career Jagger has embodied what some authors describe as a “Dionysian archetype” of “eternal youth” personified by many rock stars and the rock culture.[295]
Jagger has repeatedly said that he will not write an autobiography, but according to John Blake, in the early 1980s, after a slew of unauthorised biographies, was persuaded by Lord Weidenfeld to prepare his own, for a £1 million advance. The resulting 75,000-word manuscript is held by Blake, who, briefly planned to publish it, until Jagger withdrew support.[296]
“Mick Jagger is the least egotistical person,” observed Watts in 2008. “He’ll do what’s right for the band. He’s not a big head—and, if he was, he went through it thirty years ago.”[297]
Discography
Solo studio albums
Filmography
As actor
Jagger was slated to appear in the 1982 film Fitzcarraldo and some scenes were shot with him, but he had to leave for a Rolling Stones tour and his character was eliminated.[306][307]
As producer
Notes
^ Led Zeppelin used the mobile studio to record material for the albums Physical Graffiti and Houses of the Holy. Dire Straits, Lou Reed, Bob Marley, Horslips, Fleetwood Mac, Bad Company, Status Quo, Iron Maiden and Wishbone Ash all recorded in the mobile studio. The Who recorded “Won’t Get Fooled Again” in Stargroves itself.[55] The Rolling Stones mobile studio was also used to record the Deep Purple song “Smoke on the Water”. The lyrics to the song, which Deep Purple had not intended to release, mention the mobile studio and were intended as a joke about it almost being burned to the ground by a nearby fire.[56] To rescue the mobile from the fire started by a flare gun, the Stones crew had to smash a window and release the parking brake to roll it out of the way.[56] Deep Purple referred to it as the “Rolling truck Stones thing” in the song, stating previously in the song “We all came out to Montreux … to make records with a mobile.”[56] The mobile is currently owned by the National Music Centre in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.[56]
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External links
Awards for Mick Jagger
PerformersEarly influencesNon-performers(Ahmet Ertegun Award)
